Philosophy

I'd like to toss around some ideas here.  I hope I'm not displaying my ignorance too prominently.

Proposition:  Philosophy is opinion.

(Philosophy being defined as the rational investigation of the truths and principles of being, knowledge, or conduct).

Demonstration:  Philosophers have disagreed and debated for millennia.  One establishes a point, and another tears it apart.  Therefore, philosophy is debatable, and that which is debatable is opinion.

Granted, these are well-established opinions, but they are, nonetheless, nothing more than opinions.  The decision to follow a philosophy, too, is an opinion -- opinion upon opinion.

Therefore, philosophy (particularly metaphysics) does not arrive at objective truth (that which is in accordance with reality) unless the proposition is established by testing and experimentation (I'm a big fan of Francis Bacon here).

But then is it still philosophy, or is it science?

My Take on Global Warming

Here are the reasons I'm a skeptic of the "global warming" (a.k.a. "anthropogenic climate change") movement.  This is condensed and modified from an article by Patrick Moore, founder of Greenpeace and outspoken critic of anthropogenic climate change.  The "threat" of catastrophic climate changes is routinely, daily, incessantly used as a sledgehammer to drive political and social agendas from energy to international treaties to religious freedoms to military strategies.  I'm skeptical of any scare tactics, especially when they come from individuals or organizations that stand to gain power or money from the proposed "solution," but beyond that are scientific shenanigans that ought to give any reasonable person pause.

1.  The global warming proponents have blind certainty they can predict the global climate with a computer model.  I don't buy it because, to paraphrase Wesley in The Princess Bride, "I've known too many computer models."  The interrelated atmosphere, hydrosphere, tectosphere, and sun are too complex a system for any computer model to predict into the future.

2.  The idea that increased atmospheric carbon dioxide due to fossil fuel emissions will heat the Earth to catastrophic temperatures is preposterous.

In fact, the Earth has been warming very gradually for 300 years, since the Little Ice Age ended, long before heavy use of fossil fuels. Prior to the Little Ice Age, during the Medieval Warm Period, Vikings colonized Greenland and Newfoundland, when it was warmer there than today. And during Roman times, it was warmer, long before fossil fuels revolutionized civilization.

Recently, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) announced for the umpteenth time we are doomed unless we reduce carbon-dioxide emissions to zero. Effectively this means either reducing the population to zero, or going back 10,000 years before humans began clearing forests for agriculture. This proposed cure is far worse than adapting to a warmer world, if it actually were to come about.

3.  By its constitution, the IPCC has a hopeless conflict of interest. Its mandate is to consider only the human causes of global warming, not the many natural causes changing the climate for billions of years. We don’t understand the natural causes of climate change any more than we know if humans are part of the cause at present. If the IPCC did not find humans were the cause of warming, or if it found warming would be more positive than negative, there would be no need for the IPCC under its present mandate. To survive, it must find on the side of the apocalypse.

The IPCC should either have its mandate expanded to include all causes of climate change, or it should be dismantled.

4.    Climate change has become a powerful, misused political force for many reasons. First, it is universal; we are told everything on Earth is threatened. Second, it invokes the two most powerful human motivators: fear and guilt. We fear driving our car will kill our grandchildren, and we feel guilty for doing it.

Third, there is a powerful convergence of interests among key elites that support the climate “narrative.” Environmentalists spread fear and raise donations; politicians appear to be saving the Earth from doom; the media has a field day with sensation and conflict; science institutions raise billions in grants, create whole new departments, and stoke a feeding frenzy of scary scenarios; business wants to look green, and get huge public subsidies for projects that would otherwise be economic losers, such as wind farms and solar arrays. Fourth, the Left sees climate change as a perfect means to redistribute wealth from industrial countries to the developing world and the UN bureaucracy.

5.  CO2 isn't so bad.  You're breathing it in and out right now.  We are told carbon dioxide is a “toxic” “pollutant” that must be curtailed, when in fact it is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, gas and the most important food for life on earth. Without carbon dioxide above 150 parts per million, all plants would die.

Over the past 150 million years, carbon dioxide had been drawn down steadily (by plants) from about 3,000 parts per million to about 280 parts per million before the Industrial Revolution. If this trend continued, the carbon dioxide level would have become too low to support life on Earth. Human fossil fuel use and clearing land for crops have boosted carbon dioxide from its lowest level in the history of the Earth back to 400 parts per million today.

At 400 parts per million, all our food crops, forests, and natural ecosystems are still on a starvation diet for carbon dioxide. The optimum level of carbon dioxide for plant growth, given enough water and nutrients, is about 1,500 parts per million, nearly four times higher than today. Greenhouse growers inject carbon-dioxide to increase yields. Farms and forests will continue to produce more if carbon dioxide keeps rising.

6.  We have no proof increased carbon dioxide is responsible for the earth’s slight warming over the past 300 years.  In fact, I (Thinkin' Man) believe it is a logical impossibility to separate natural from anthropogenic climate variability.  Further, there has been no significant warming for 18 years while we have emitted 25 per cent of all the carbon dioxide ever emitted. Carbon dioxide is vital for life on Earth and plants would like more of it. Which role of CO2 should we emphasize to our children?

7.  CO2 has never been a climate drive in the past -- in fact, the data show increased CO2 follows behind temperature rises, even at much higher CO2 levels than today.  Why would it suddenly become THE driver now?

The Ender Wiggin Method

The surest way to stop a bully is to beat the tar out of him.

Those who have been physically bullied understand this.  Those who haven't, usually do not, and they appeal to negotiation or "peaceful methods."  But when a bully is irrationally violent, negotiation never works.  You talk nicely to him, and "teach" him a better way, and appeal to reason and logic and emotion, and he beats you up again.

Only when a bully is rational can negotiation and peaceful methods bear fruit.

In Ender's Game, Ender Wiggin understood this.  Asked why he mercilessly beat up a bully, he said he was stopping all future incidents as well.  Similarly in A Christmas Story, Ralphie Parker stopped his bully by speaking the only language the bully understood -- fisticuffs.  We could find millions of similar real-world stories.

The current extremist religious zealots wreaking havoc in the world and their sympathizers are irrational bullies.  No amount of negotiation or peaceful action can stop their deeply held hatred of things they interpret as against their "religion."  Their goal is to destroy "the West," meaning all things that are not their interpretation of religion, and to force everyone to believe and live their way, by force if necessary.

There is no negotiating with such irrational bullies.  History demonstrates this conclusively.  No such murderous thugs have ever been stopped peacefully.

They can only be stopped by being stopped.  Yes, that means destroying their ability to wage war; it means "killing people and breaking things," as Colin Powell famously said.

Bacon and Novum Organum

No, this is not a food blog!

I stumbled upon Sir Francis Bacon's Novum Organum recently ("A New Instrument," written in 1620), and am dumbfounded that this was not required reading in college.  Where has this been all my life!?  It clearly, simply, and convincingly establishes the basis of the scientific method, which changed the Western world forever and led to the astounding scientific advances of the succeeding centuries, right up to today.

Most of us are familiar with how revered the ancient Greek philosphers were to people in the 16th through 18th centuries, but I think few of us realize what a handicap that was and how it stunted human development for millennia.  The ideas of Aristotle, Plato, and their contemporaries and students were held as nearly inviolable, unchangeable, and as the last word in understanding Nature.  The handicap was three-fold: first, the Greeks were just plain wrong about many aspects of Nature (especially Plato, who force-fit his reasoning into pre-ordained dogma); second, their sophistry lacked experiment, testing, and a quest for results; and third, when "the answer" is supposedly known, there is no incentive for further inquiry.  Bacon criticized their endless arguing without experiments, tests, and inquiries, and their frustrating lack of fruits -- no objectives other than philosophical satisfaction.

Paraphrasing Bacon, "I'm writing this not because I'm the most brilliant person, but rather because it is time.  The astounding thing is that no one had written this before."

He discusses the proper relation of philosophy and science as a feedback loop, the necessary separation of science from religion and politics, the fallibility of human senses, the limitations of human nature and society on science, and the weakness of language and the distinction between words and things/ideas, all before proposing a systematic method to investigate Nature.  It's the perfect paper.

The lessons taught by Bacon in 1620 are still vital today.  Much of the fruitless public discourse on science's proper role was roundly refuted four centuries ago.  Why are we still having the same discussion?

Ignore History at Your Peril

Each culture is the product of centuries of its history.  The way modern Americans think about the world, for example, is a product not only of individual experience, but of America's history.  We abhor slavery, coerced religion, and despotism, and we love liberty, achievement, and individualism because of what we, collectively, have experienced.  Much of this experience is not first-hand, but is passed down through generations or is taught in our schools (which is a topic for another day).

Likewise, other cultures think about the world in ways shaped by their own histories, and sometimes these can be hard for Americans to understand.  The current crisis with Islamic fundamentalists is a stark case in point -- their actions and goals are almost incomprehensible to us.  We shout at the news, "Why would you ever do that!?  How could you think that way!?"

Americans have in our collective experience the writings, teaching, and actions of philosophers, elected officials, writers, and others that gradually shaped our way of thinking -- figures like Lincoln, Washington, Jefferson, Twain, and writers too numerous to mention.  And we share much of western Europe's ideological heritage from figures like Churchill, Dickens, Voltaire, Francis Bacon, and writers too numerous to mention.  Revolutions, struggles, and upheavals have molded us -- the separation of State from Church throughout Europe in the 1700's, the Age of Reason, revolutions against tyrannical governments and the rebirth of democracy, civil war over slavery, women's suffrage, and the Civil Rights movement.  Without all those authors, leaders, expounders of ideas, and upheavals, the West would be unrecognizable.

Islamic fundamentalists have not gone through those revolutions and evolutions (yet -- I believe they will come).  Many reject all things "Western" out-of-hand.  They also reject five hundred years of science and the hard lessons taught by history, and they selectively reject parts of their own histories.  In extreme cases, they limit education to the Koran, and that for men only, completely ignoring the lessons learned from history and other cultures.  And so they have no heritage or understanding of concepts of personal liberty, democratic/republican government, scientific discovery, civil rights, women's rights, tolerance, etc.  These are only seen through the lens of narrowly restricted, dogmatic education.  For the masses, it can be said that they reject that of which they know nothing.  These are also the reasons a democratic/republican form of government cannot be successfully imposed on them -- it must be earned, and yearned for from the grass roots.

Those who reject history are dooming themselves to repeat its hard lessons, and the ones who will pay the heaviest price are they, themselves.  History teaches us, however, that there will be a lot of collateral damage.